Disadvantage of this system, chance plays a role, the bettor PMU

After creating the Longchamp racecourse in 1857 races attracted a growing audience. Soon, it begins to bet to give spice to the show. Direct the play between two people familiar with, the game replaces public. Two modes of paris develop. The challenge to the ‘chicken’, where the player putting its implementation is given, through a lottery prior to the race, the number of a horse entered. The holder of the ticket bearing the number PMU of winning horse receives all updates.

Disadvantage of this system, chance plays a role, the bettor is not freedom of choice. And the challenge to the book with a fixed odds offered by a donor to a lessee, and drawn on the English mode where it is operated by “bookmakers”. Two risks: the bet is lost by the lessee if the horse does not run (run or pay sacrosanct rule): The client may have lost interest in the horse selected by the policyholder and thus be tempted to influence the outcome of the race. Then a clever Catalan immigrant, Joseph Oller (1839-1922), struck cheating prevailing in the Paris to the hen, had the idea to exclude the chance while maintaining the principle of mutuality, money returning to the winners and losers. It creates a bet leaving the option of choosing a horse. Bettors who have designated the winning horse, divide the mass of stakes after deducting a commission dedicated to the organizer.

It has no particular interest in the victory of a horse rather than that of another, PMU his compensation is always the same. Unambiguous, the Pari Mutuel an immediate success. The three types of paris will thrive not only on the racetrack but also agencies storefront in Paris until 22 December 1868 when, “in the name of public morality and in the interests of families,” the prosecutor acts . By a decision of the Court of Appeals 4 June 1869, the “agencies chickens” are doomed to violate laws prohibiting lotteries. Another decision of the Court of Appeal (December 31, 1874) condemned the “Pari Mutuel agencies” for keeping gambling houses. Direct consequences: closed block of all agencies offering this type of betting in the city and prohibiting the operation of racetracks. Indirect consequence, predictable (except the naive), the rush of betting to bookmakers.
The reign of the bookmakers [edit]

For the bet to score, was not specifically condemned, may be held tolerated, if not authorized. Its existence is a subtle distinction. If the Pari Mutuel is prohibited, it would occur by chance that the bettor is recognized “ignorant”, the symbol of his horse to a stop fluctuating operations. It can not be the case in the bet when the bettor rating is considered “enlightened”, since he becomes tenant after having agreed with the donor on the side of the horse chosen knowingly. So the challenge for listing made between competent persons is lawful. Opens the era of Bet on odds offered by bookmakers spot whose business previously was only secondary. They will reign in a district of Paris, between the Grands Boulevards and the Rue du Quatre-Septembre. Their shops fill the streets of Choiseul, de Gramont, of Hanover and Michodière. At Longchamp, Auteuil and suburban racetracks, their stakes (where they show the ratings) replace the colorful car agencies banned. Until the Paris city council finds that the City, owner of Auteuil, Longchamp and Vincennes, derived no benefit from the thriving trade in Paris carried out on three communal racetracks. On February 9, 1887, he invited the prefect of the Seine to end the game over the whole of the three racetracks in Paris. And March 15, the Minister of the Interior sent a circular to the PMU prefects giving them instructions to break the industry bookmakers. The administrative machine starts up. Soon, it is sad accounts and mine. The public deserted racetracks. At Auteuil, for six meetings, the recipe inputs fell by 44%. The Parisian racecourse plan to reduce benefits and eliminate subsidies to companies in the provinces. Press and ranchers raise their voices. If Paris is not allowed again, “the races will soon follow paris in the grave,” writes the polemicist Henri Rochefort in the Gil Blas.

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